The 'qsort a list' example is often trotted out for its functional elegance, but it's a downright abysmal piece of code when it comes to performance. Lists are immutable; appending two lists with @ is O(N) in the left argument, and you allocate all over the place, bottlenecking the whole process in the garbage collector. There's no use trying to parallelize this code.
For sorting, you have to use arrays and mutation.
If you're looking for an elegant functional algorithm to parallelize, well, I can't think of one offhand, though there may be some. My personal philosophy is that "if you want fast, use arrays and mutation", but I bet there are some good functional data structures and algorithms that are less than O(N^2) in time and space and those may be amenable to parallelism... I just can't think of any right now. Be sure to do time and space big-oh analysis first, since there's typically no sense trying to parallelize an O(N^2) algorithm when an O(NlogN) algorithm exists.
Hi again,
From what I understand, Quicksort can be parallelized either using Task Parallel manner (new Task for each sub-sort call) or the Data Parallel one (parallel list filtering).
So the attempt based on Tasks ended like this:

I have also tried Data Parallelism with PSeq.filter, but there were those Seq.toList calls, so it all ended up miserable.
Anyway, can anyone point me in the good direction here? Where to look for speedups?
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Hi,
I'm doing a little research on parallelizing functional algorithms using .NET 4 and F#. And I've come across some questions while trying to figure out Parallel QuickSort.
Basically, I started with the most simple sequential version:
let rec qsort_seq = function
| [] -> []
| head ::
tail ->
let (left, right) = List.partition (fun x -> x <
head) tail
qsort_seq left @ [head] @ qsort_seq right
And came to:
let rec qsort_par list =
match list with
| [] -> []
| head ::
tail ->
let (left, right) = List.partition (fun x -> x <
head) tail
let t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(fun _ -> qsort_par
left)
let t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(fun _ -> qsort_par
right)
t1.Result @ [head] @ t2.Result
Now it's running even slower. :) Obviously I'd have to limit the number of Task's created and maybe do some other optimizations. Therefore:
let qsort_par lst =
let rec qsort rec_lvl
= function
| [] -> []
| head :: tail ->
let (left, right) = List.partition (fun x -> x <
head) tail
if rec_lvl < 3 then
let t1 =
System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Factory.StartNew(fun
_ -> qsort (rec_lvl + 1) left )
let t2 =
System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Factory.StartNew(fun
_ -> qsort (rec_lvl + 1) right)
t1.Result @ [head] @ t2.Result
else
qsort (rec_lvl + 1) left @ [head] @ qsort (rec_lvl + 1) right
qsort 1
lst
After that the speed-up is marginal.
Therefore, I'd be very grateful for any comments... Is this a proper way of doing it? Or maybe I should start from the beginning or use other idioms (async?)? How to keep it as simple as it could be?
And primarily I'd like to get some recommendations on which algorithms would be best to parallelize using .NET 4 while maintaining their functional simplicity.
Thanks in advance,
Michal