'a is always type variable, while a is always a simple type. I think it's useful to make the difference clear.
1 2
val f : 'int -> 'int val g : int -> int
f is a generic function and can have any argument, g only accepts int arguments. Usually, we write the map function like this: "val map: ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> 'b list". In this case, your notations wouldn't work (we need to know 'a and 'b can be anything).
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The #light directive does a good job of making F# cleaner than OCaml. I am used to C#'s and Haskell's syntax and one thing that i don't really like about F#'s syntax is the 'a notation for type parameters. Take for example
val map<'a,'b> : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> 'b list
Ideally i would like it to be
val map<a,b> : (a -> b) -> list<a> -> list<b>